最近在报章上常看到蚊症猖獗, 所以,在这里给大家提供一些蚊症的咨讯, 希望大家都能健健康康, 远离蚊症。
Lately there are a lot of cases of Dengue and Chikungunya reported in newspaper or media. Here is some related information and hope will be useful to all for prevention.
常见的蚊症种类:
1. 骨痛热症(Dengue)
骨痛热症是由黑班蚊传播,主要特征为发烧、头痛、骨头痛, 红疹, 血小板骤跌,严重时会发现齿龈、鼻孔和肠胃道出血。可引致休克和死亡。
1779年于开罗和雅加达发现其踪迹。 最早流行于非洲和东南亚地区, 但后来在澳洲、美国和希腊等地也出现。
骨痛热症影响所有年龄的人,但大部分的骨痛溢血热症(Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever)主要发生在年龄15岁以下的儿童。
2. 基孔肯雅症 (Chikungunya)
基孔肯雅蚊症是由基孔肯雅病毒 (chikungunya virus, CHIKV)引起,经黑班蚊传播,以发热、皮疹及关节疼痛为主要特征的急性传染病。1953年首次在坦桑尼亚证实了基孔肯雅热流行。本病主要流行于非洲和东南亚地区,近年在欧洲也发现病例。它屬于风土病, 経常发生在亚沙哈垃非洲,印度,东南亚,印尼和菲律宾。
蚊症的症状 Symptoms:
骨痛热症与基孔肯雅症患者一般上都会有发烧,头痛, 红疹,肌肉和骨头疼痛的症状。
An infected person usually will experience fevers, chills, headaches, fatigue, nausea or vomiting, rashes and muscle or joint pain.
由于病症相似,医生只有通过验血才能做出正确的诊断。
As the symptoms are similar for both Dengue and Chikungunya, the only way to determine if you have been infected is via a blood test.
骨痛热症与基孔肯雅症的分别:Differences
| 骨痛热症 Dengue | 基孔肯雅症 Chikungunya |
血小板 Red blood count | 可骤跌至危险水平 Might drop to very low level – haemorrhaging | 保持不变 Remain the same |
骨头痛 Joint pain | 烧退了, 疼痛就消退 Once recover, will not have joint paint | 痊愈后, 疼痛还会持续数月 After recovery, may continue to suffer from the severe joint paint for months |
危险性 Severity | 延误就医会因为大量内出血而死亡 Killer disease | 无生命危险 Not a killer disease |
治疗方式
这两种病都无特效葯物治疗,主要为对症处理。因此两者的治疗几乎都是通过药物和维他命补助品来支撑身体对抗病毒。 如服退烧药,为骨痛热症病人吊水和输血, 补充血小板, 使病情稳定; 为基孔肯雅病人开舒缓关节疼痛的药而已。目前也没有疫苗可预防此病的发生。
预防 (Prevention/Steps to avoid being infected)
由于这两种病都无特效葯物和疫苗预防,因此最有效的方法就是避免被蚊子叮和防止蚊虫的滋生。 As currently there are no medications or vaccines available for the treatment of Dengue and Chikungunya, the only way to preventions is through keeping mosquitoes at bay.
· 根据黑班蚊的习性, 它们通常会在清晨和傍晚 (6 – 8点) 时分活动。 因此只要在这两个时候把门窗关好,不让蚊子进去;也减少到蚊虫多的地方或搽趋蚊药。
As mosquitoes normally are active during dawn or before dusk (about 6-8pm), so shut your down and windows to prevent mosquitoes drifting in; or apply insect repellent
· 避免家居容器有积水或常换水
Change stagnant water on a daily basis
· 保持环境清洁与卫生, 沟泃流通。 可电 Indah Water 当局来通水沟。
Ensure the environment is clean to discourage mosquitoes from breeding. Or can call Indah Water to clean the drainage.
· 在户外穿长袖衣服
Wear long clothing when outdoors.
· 点含有香茅或丁香等趋蚊熏香
Use aromatherapy oil eg Citronelle or clove as these are the natural insect repellent.
· DIY: 用橙皮切幼,装进旧丝袜, 吊在窗口或床头可趋蚊
DIY: cut oranges skin into smaller pieces, and put into use stocking. Hang it over the window or near the bed can repel mosquitoes
通常当有医生发现到病案,都会像卫生部投报。之后,卫生部将会与患者家人联系,上门检查与灭蚊。如有卫生官员到家检查与灭蚊, 您有权在开门前先查证对方的身份。请注意:检查与灭蚊都是免费的!!
Normally, doctor will report the case to Ministry of Health. The ministry will send people to inspect the affected area and spray insect repellent. Please notes that the inspection and spraying of insect repellent are FREE!!!